Ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kubhekisela enqubweni yokuthola udoti noma ipulasitiki elahliwe kanye nokucubungula kabusha izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibe yimikhiqizo esebenzayo newusizo.Lo msebenzi waziwa ngokuthi inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki.Umgomo wokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ukunciphisa amazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyilapho kubeka ingcindezi encane ezintweni ezingasasetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo emisha yepulasitiki.Le ndlela isiza ukonga izinsiza futhi iphambukise amapulasitiki ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezindaweni ezingahlosiwe njengezilwandle.
Isidingo Sokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki
Amapulasitiki aqinile, alula futhi awabizi.Zingabunjwa kalula zibe yimikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ethola ukusetshenziswa ku-plethora yezinhlelo zokusebenza.Unyaka ngamunye, amathani epulasitiki angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke.Cishe amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200 wezinto ezintsha zepulasitiki zenziwe nge-thermoform, zifakwe amagwebu, zenziwe nge-laminated futhi zikhishwe zibe izigidi zamaphakheji nemikhiqizo.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabusha, ukululama kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki kubaluleke kakhulu.
Yiziphi Ipulasitiki Ezingasetshenziswa Kabusha?
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezijwayelekile zamapulasitiki.Okulandelayo kukhona imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ozoyithola kupulasitiki ngamunye:
I-PS (I-Polystyrene) – Isibonelo: izinkomishi zeziphuzo ezishisayo ezinegwebu, izinto zokusika zepulasitiki, izitsha, neyogathi.
I-PP (I-Polypropylene) – Isibonelo: amabhokisi esidlo sasemini, izitsha zokudla okukhiphayo, izitsha zika-ayisikhilimu.
I-LDPE (i-polyethylene enezinga eliphansi) – Isibonelo: imigqomo kadoti nezikhwama.
I-PVC (I-Plasticised Polyvinyl chloride noma i-polyvinyl chloride)—Isibonelo: amabhodlela athambile, amajusi noma okukhama.
I-HDPE (High-density polyethylene) – Isibonelo: iziqukathi zeshampoo noma amabhodlela obisi.
I-PET (i-Polyethylene terephthalate) – Isibonelo: ijusi yezithelo namabhodlela eziphuzo ezibandayo.
Okwamanje, kuphela imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ye-PET, i-HDPE, ne-PVC egaywa kabusha ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha eziseceleni komgwaqo.I-PS, PP, ne-LDPE ngokuvamile ayigaywa kabusha ngoba lezi zinto zepulasitiki zibambeka emshinini wokuhlunga ezindaweni zokugaywa kabusha okubangela ukuthi iphuke noma ime.Izivalo neziqongo zamabhodlela azikwazi ukugaywa kabusha."Ukusebenzisa kabusha noma Ukungavuseleli" umbuzo omkhulu uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwepulasitiki.Ezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki azigaywa kabusha ngoba azikwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngokwezomnotho.
Amanye Amaqiniso Okwenza Kabusha Wepulasitiki Esheshayo
Njalo ngehora, abantu baseMelika basebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki ayizigidi ezingu-2.5, iningi lawo elahlwa kude.
Cishe u-9.1% wokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kwaphinde kwasetshenziswa e-US ngo-2015, kuhluka ngesigaba somkhiqizo.Ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki kugaywe kabusha ku-14.6%, izimpahla zepulasitiki ezihlala isikhathi eside ku-6.6%, kanye nezinye izimpahla ezingaqinile ku-2.2%.
Njengamanje, amaphesenti angama-25 emfucumfucu yepulasitiki asetshenziswa kabusha eYurophu.
Abantu baseMelika basebenzise kabusha amathani ayizigidi ezi-3.14 zamapulasitiki ngo-2015, behle besuka ezigidini ezi-3.17 ngo-2014.
Ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kuthatha amandla angama-88% angaphansi kokukhiqiza amapulasitiki ngezinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa.
Njengamanje, cishe u-50% wamapulasitiki esiwasebenzisayo alahlwa ngemva nje kokusetshenziswa kanye.
Ipulasitiki ibalelwa ku-10% yenani eliphelele lokuphehla udoti emhlabeni.
Ipulasitiki ingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuwohloka
Amapulasitiki aphelela olwandle aphuka abe yizicucu ezincane futhi minyaka yonke cishe izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezingu-100,000 kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle eziyisigidi ziyabulawa zidla lezo zingcezu ezincane zepulasitiki.
Amandla olondolozwe ekugayweni kabusha kwebhodlela lepulasitiki elilodwa nje anganika isibani isibani esingu-100 watt cishe ihora.
Inqubo Yokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki
Izinqubo ezilula zepulasitiki zokugaywa kabusha zibandakanya ukuqoqa, ukuhlunga, ukuhlikihla, ukuwasha, ukuncibilika, kanye nokufakwa kwe-pelletizing.Izinqubo ezithile zangempela ziyahlukahluka ngokuya nge-resin yepulasitiki noma uhlobo lomkhiqizo wepulasitiki.
Izikhungo eziningi zokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki zisebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ezimbili ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo sokuqala: Ukuhlunga amapulasitiki ngokuzenzakalela noma ngohlobo lwezandla ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zonke izinto ezingcolile ziyasuswa emfudlaneni kadoti wepulasitiki.
Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukuncibilikisa amapulasitiki ngokuqondile abe yisimo esisha noma ahlakazeke abe ama-flakes bese ancibilika ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni acutshungulwe abe yizinhlamvu.
Intuthuko Yakamuva Ekugayweni Kabusha Kwepulasitiki
Izinqubo ezintsha eziqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha zenze inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki yaba lula futhi yabiza kakhulu.Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo buhlanganisa izitholi ezinokwethenjelwa kanye nesofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi yesinqumo kanye nokuqashelwa ethuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela ukukhiqiza nokunemba kokuhlunga okuzenzakalelayo kwamapulasitiki.Isibonelo, izithungatha ze-FT-NIR zingasebenza amahora angafika kwangu-8,000 phakathi kwamaphutha ezithonjeni.
Okunye okusha okuphawulekayo ekugayweni kabusha kwepulasitiki kube ekutholeni izicelo zenani eliphakeme lama-polymers agaywe kabusha ezinqubweni zokuvuselela iluphu evaliwe.Kusukela ngo-2005, isibonelo, amashidi e-PET e-thermoforming e-UK angaqukatha amaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-70 e-PET egaywe kabusha ngokusebenzisa amashidi e-A/B/A.
Muva nje, amanye amazwe e-EU ahlanganisa iJalimane, iSpain, i-Italy, iNorway, ne-Austria aqale ukuqoqa amaphakheji aqinile njengamabhodwe, amathini, namathreyi kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lamaphakheji aguquguqukayo angemva komthengi.Ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokugeza nokuhlunga, ukugaywa kabusha kwamaphakheji epulasitiki angewona amabhodlela sekungenzeka.
Izinselelo Zemboni Yokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki
Ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kubhekana nezinselelo eziningi, kusukela kumapulasitiki axubile kuya ezinsalela okunzima ukuzikhipha.Ukugaywa kabusha ngendlela engabizi futhi ephumelelayo yokusakaza kwepulasitiki okuxubile mhlawumbe inselele enkulu ebhekene nemboni yokugaywa kabusha.Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuklama ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki neminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki kucatshangelwa ukugaywa kabusha kungadlala indima enkulu ekubhekaneni nale nselelo.
Ukutholwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kokupakisha okuguquguqukayo kwangemva komthengi kuyinkinga yokugaywa kabusha.Izikhungo eziningi zokubuyisela izinto ezibonakalayo kanye neziphathimandla zendawo azikuqoqi ngenkuthalo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemishini engazihlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo nangokulula.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki olwandle sekuphenduke isizinda sakamuva esikhathaza umphakathi.Ipulasitiki yasolwandle kulindeleke ukuthi iphindeke kathathu kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, futhi ukukhathazeka komphakathi sekwenze izinhlangano eziholayo emhlabeni wonke ukuba zithathe izinyathelo zokuphatha kangcono imithombo yepulasitiki kanye nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlaba.
Imithetho Yokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki
Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhodlela epulasitiki kwenziwe kwaba yimpoqo ezifundazweni ezimbalwa zase-US ezihlanganisa iCalifornia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, kanye neWisconsin.Sicela ulandele izixhumanisi ezifanele ukuze uthole imininingwane yemithetho yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki esifundeni ngasinye.
Ngibheke Phambili
Ukugaywa kabusha kubalulekile ekuphatheni kahle kwepulasitiki ekupheleni kwempilo.Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okugaywa kabusha kubangele ukuqwashisa okukhulu komphakathi kanye nokwenyuka kokuphumelela kokusebenza kabusha.Ukusebenza kahle kuzosekelwa wutshalomali oluqhubekayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni.
Ukugaywa kabusha kohlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki yangemva komthengi kanye nokupakishwa kuzothuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha futhi kuchezukise udoti wepulasitiki wokuphela kwempilo usuke ezindaweni zokulahla.Imboni nabakhi benqubomgomo bangasiza futhi ukugqugquzela umsebenzi wokugaya kabusha ngokudinga noma ukugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwe-resin egaywe kabusha uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki angasetshenziswa.
Inhlangano Yezimboni Zokugaywa kabusha kwePlastiki
Izinhlangano zemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki yizindikimba ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki, okuvumela amalungu ukuthi akhe futhi agcine ubudlelwano phakathi kwabagayli bepulasitiki kabusha, kanye nokunxenxa uhulumeni nezinye izinhlangano ukusiza ukudala indawo engcono kakhulu yemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki.
I-Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR): I-APR imele imboni yamazwe ngamazwe yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki.Imele amalungu ayo ahlanganisa izinkampani ezigaywe kabusha zepulasitiki zabo bonke osayizi, izinkampani zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ethengwayo, abakhiqizi bezinto zokwenziwa kabusha zepulasitiki, amalabhorethri okuhlola nezinhlangano ezizibophezele ekuthuthukisweni nasekuphumeleleni kokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki.I-APR inezinhlelo eziningi zemfundo zokubuyekeza amalungu ayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe bakamuva bokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki nentuthuko.
I-Plastics Recyclers Europe (PRE): Isungulwe ngo-1996, i-PRE imele ama-recyclers epulasitiki eYurophu.Njengamanje, inamalungu angaphezu kwe-115 avela kulo lonke elaseYurophu.Onyakeni wokuqala wokusungulwa, amalungu e-PRE aphinde asebenzisa amathani angama-200 000 kadoti wepulasitiki, nokho manje isamba esikhona manje sedlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-2.5.I-PRE ihlela imibukiso yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kanye nemihlangano yaminyaka yonke ukuze amalungu ayo akwazi ukuxoxa ngentuthuko yakamuva nezinselelo embonini.
I-Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI): I-ISRI imele izinkampani ezincane kuya kwezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezingaphezu kuka-1600 ezihlanganisa abakhiqizi, abaprosesa, abadayisi kanye nabathengi bezimboni bezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinto ezilahliwe.Amalungu ahlobene ale nhlangano ezinze e-Washington DC afaka amathuluzi nabahlinzeki besevisi ababalulekile embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezindala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-27-2020