Ipulasitiki iyinto ehlanganisa noma iyiphi inhlobo ebanzi yezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo zokwenziwa noma ezithambile ezithambile futhi ezingabunjwa zibe izinto eziqinile.
Ipulasitiki iyimpahla evamile yazo zonke izinto ezingase ziwohloke ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa ngaphandle kokuphuka kodwa, esigabeni samapholymeri abumbekayo, lokhu kwenzeka ngezinga lokuthi igama lawo langempela lisuka kuleli khono elithile.
Amapulastiki ngokuvamile angama-polymers emvelo anesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana futhi avame ukuqukatha ezinye izinto.Ngokuvamile akhiwe, avame ukutholakala kumakhemikhali kaphethiloli, nokho, uxhaxha lokuhlukahluka lwenziwa ngezinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana ne-polylactic acid evela kummbila noma ama-cellulosics asuka kumalitha kakotini.
Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, ukwenziwa lula kwawo, ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, nokungakwazi ukungena emanzini, amapulasitiki asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi enezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iziqeshana zamaphepha nemikhumbi-mkhathi.Ziye zanqoba izinto ezivamile, njengokhuni, itshe, uphondo namathambo, isikhumba, insimbi, ingilazi, kanye ne-ceramic, kweminye imikhiqizo ngaphambilini eyayishiywe ezintweni zemvelo.
Ezomnotho ezithuthukile, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yepulasitiki isetshenziswa ekufakweni futhi icishe ifane ezakhiweni ezisetshenziswa njengamapayipi, amapayipi noma ama-vinyl siding.Okunye ukusetshenziswa kufaka izimoto (kufika ku-20% wepulasitiki), ifenisha, namathoyizi.Emazweni asathuthuka, ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kungase kuhluke—ama-42% okusetshenziswa kwelaseNdiya asetshenziswa emaphaketheni.
Ipulasitiki inokusetshenziswa okuningi emkhakheni wezokwelapha futhi, ngokwethulwa kokufakelwa kwe-polymer nezinye izinto zezokwelapha ezithathwe okungenani kancane epulasitikini.Umkhakha wokuhlinza ngepulasitiki awuqanjwanga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zepulasitiki, kodwa kunalokho incazelo yegama elithi plasticity, maqondana nokubunjwa kabusha kwenyama.
Ipulasitiki yokuqala eyakhiwe ngokugcwele emhlabeni yayiyi-bakelite, eyasungulwa eNew York ngo-1907, ngu-Leo Baekeland owaqamba igama elithi 'ipulasitiki'. Osokhemisi abaningi baye bafaka isandla ezintweni zokwakha.
isayensi yepulasitiki, kuhlanganise nomzuzi kaNobel uHermann Staudinger oye wabizwa ngokuthi “uyise we-polymer chemistry.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-27-2020