Izici zomlilo ze-PVC ziwukuthi kunzima ukushisa, kucima ngokushesha ngemva kokushiya umlilo, ilangabi liyintuthu ephuzi nemhlophe, futhi ipulasitiki iyathambisa lapho ivutha, ikhiphe iphunga elicasulayo le-chlorine.
I-Polyvinyl chloride resin iyipulasitiki enezingxenye eziningi.Izithasiselo ezahlukene zingengezwa ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukene.Ngakho-ke, ngezingoma ezihlukene, imikhiqizo yayo ingabonisa izakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba nemishini.Isibonelo, ingahlukaniswa ngemikhiqizo ethambile futhi eqinile ene-plasticizer noma ngaphandle kwayo.Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-PVC inezinzuzo zokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nelangabi nokuzicisha, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuqeda umsindo nokudlidliza, amandla aphezulu, ukufakwa kahle kukagesi, intengo ephansi, imithombo ebanzi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucinana komoya okuhle, njll. ukuzinza okushisayo nokuguga kalula ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ukushisa nomoya-mpilo.I-PVC resin ngokwayo ayinabo ubuthi.Uma kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngama-plasticizers angenabuthi, ama-stabilizers nezinye izinto ezisizayo, ayinabungozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.Kodwa-ke, iningi lamapulasitiki kanye neziqinisi ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ye-PVC ngokuvamile ezibonwa emakethe anobuthi.Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo enefomula engenabuthi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuqukatha ukudla.
1. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba
I-PVC resin iyi-thermoplastic enesakhiwo se-amorphous.Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, i-PVC eqinile ikhiqiza i-fluorescence emhlophe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi, kuyilapho i-PVC ethambile ikhipha i-fluorescence emhlophe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-20 ℃, inkomba ye-refractive ingu-1.544 kanye namandla adonsela phansi athile angu-1.40.Ukuminyana kwemikhiqizo ene-plasticizer ne-filler kuvame ukuba ku-1.15 ~ 2.00, ukuminyana kwegwebu le-PVC elithambile lingu-0.08~0.48, kanti ukuminyana kwegwebu eliqinile lingu-0.03~0.08.Ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-PVC akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.5%.
Izakhiwo zomzimba nezomshini ze-PVC zincike esisindweni samangqamuzana e-resin, okuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer ne-filler.Ukuphakama kwesisindo samangqamuzana e-resin, ukuphakama kwezakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nokubanda kanye nokuzinza kokushisa, kodwa izinga lokushisa lokucubungula liyadingeka ukuba libe phezulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwenza;Isisindo samangqamuzana aphansi siphambene nalokhu okungenhla.Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kokugcwalisa, amandla aqinile ayancipha.
2. Ukusebenza okushisayo
Indawo yokuthambisa ye-PVC resin iseduze nezinga lokushisa lokubola.Isiqalile ukubola ku-140 ℃, futhi ibola ngokushesha kakhulu ku-170 ℃.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo evamile yokubumba, izinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile zenqubo ye-PVC resin zicacisiwe, okungukuthi izinga lokushisa lokubola kanye nokuzinza kokushisa.Ukushisa okubizwa ngokuthi ukubola yizinga lokushisa lapho kukhishwa inani elikhulu le-hydrogen chloride, futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzinza okushisayo yisikhathi lapho inani elikhulu le-hydrogen chloride lingakhululwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa (ngokuvamile i-190 ℃).Ipulasitiki ye-PVC izobola uma ibekwe ku-100 ℃ isikhathi eside, ngaphandle uma i-alkaline stabilizer ingeziwe.Uma idlula ku-180 ℃, izobola ngokushesha.
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa isikhathi eside lemikhiqizo eminingi yepulasitiki ye-PVC akufanele lidlule ku-55 ℃, kodwa izinga lokushisa lesikhathi eside lepulasitiki le-PVC elinefomula ekhethekile lingafinyelela ku-90 ℃.Imikhiqizo ethambile ye-PVC izoqina ekushiseni okuphansi.Ama-molecule e-PVC aqukethe ama-athomu e-chlorine, ngakho-ke wona nama-copolymers awo ngokuvamile awakwazi ukumelana nelangabi, ayazicisha ngokwawo futhi awaconsi.
3. Ukuzinza
I-polyvinyl chloride resin iyi-polymer engazinzile, ezophinde ihlehlise ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya nokushisa.Inqubo yayo iwukukhulula i-hydrogen chloride futhi iguqule isakhiwo sayo, kodwa ibe sezingeni elincane.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubola kuzosheshiswa phambi kwamandla omshini, umoya-mpilo, iphunga, i-HCl namanye ama-ion ensimbi asebenzayo.
Ngemuva kokukhipha i-HCl ku-PVC resin, amaketanga ahlanganisiwe akhiqizwa eketango eliyinhloko, futhi umbala nawo uzoshintsha.Njengoba inani lokubola kwe-hydrogen chloride landa, inhlaka ye-PVC iyashintsha isuka komhlophe iye kophuzi, i-rose, ibomvu, insundu ngisho ibe mnyama.
4. Ukusebenza kukagesi
Izakhiwo zikagesi ze-PVC zincike enanini lezinsalela ku-polymer kanye nohlobo nenani lezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene kufomula.Izakhiwo zikagesi ze-PVC nazo zihlobene nokushisa: lapho ukushisa kubangela ukuba i-PVC ibole, ukufakwa kwayo kagesi kuzoncishiswa ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-chloride ion.Uma inani elikhulu lama-ion e-chloride lingenakunqanyulwa yi-alkaline stabilizers (njengosawoti omthofu), ukufakwa kwawo kukagesi kuzoncipha kakhulu.Ngokungafani nama-polymer angewona ama-polar afana ne-polyethylene ne-polypropylene, izakhiwo zikagesi ze-PVC zishintsha ngokuvama kanye nezinga lokushisa, isibonelo, i-dielectric yayo iyancipha ngokunyuka kwemvamisa.
5. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali
I-PVC inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali futhi inenani elikhulu njengempahla evimbela ukubola.
I-PVC izinzile kuma-acid amaningi nezisekelo ezingaphili.Ngeke incibilike lapho ishisiwe futhi izoboliswa ukuze ikhulule i-hydrogen chloride.Umkhiqizo onsundu onganyibiliki unsaturated walungiswa nge-azeotropy ene-potassium hydroxide.I-solubility ye-PVC ihlobene nesisindo samangqamuzana nendlela yokwenza i-polymerization.Ngokuvamile, ukuncibilika kuncipha ngokunyuka kwesisindo se-polymer yamangqamuzana, futhi ukunyibilika kwe-lotion resin kubi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-suspension resin.Ingancibilika kuma-ketones (afana ne-cyclohexanone, i-cyclohexanone), izinyibilikisi ezinuka kamnandi (njenge-toluene, i-xylene), i-dimethylformyl, i-tetrahydrofuran.I-PVC resin icishe ingancibiliki kuma-plasticizers ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi iyakhukhumala noma incibilike ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.
⒍ ukuqhubekela phambili
I-PVC iyi-polymer e-amorphous engenakho ukuncibilika okusobala.Kuyipulasitiki uma ishiselwa ku-120 ~ 150 ℃.Ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwe-thermal, iqukethe inani elincane le-HCl kuleli zinga lokushisa, elikhuthaza ukubola kwayo okuqhubekayo.Ngakho-ke, i-alkaline stabilizer ne-HCl kufanele kwengezwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukusabela kwayo kokuqhekeka okunamandla.I-PVC ehlanzekile iwumkhiqizo oqinile, odinga ukungezwa ngenani elifanele le-plasticizer ukuze ithambe.Emikhiqizweni ehlukene, izithasiselo ezifana nezibambisi ze-UV, izigcwalisi, okothambisa, okombala, ama-anti mildew agents nokunye kudingeka kwengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC.Njengamanye amapulasitiki, izakhiwo ze-resin zinquma izinga nezimo zokucubungula imikhiqizo.Ku-PVC, izakhiwo ze-resin ezihlobene nokucubungula zihlanganisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, isisindo samangqamuzana, iso lenhlanzi, ukuminyana ngobuningi, ukuhlanzeka, ukungcola kwamanye amazwe kanye ne-porosity.Izakhiwo ze-viscosity kanye ne-gelatinization ye-PVC yokunamathisela, ukunamathisela, njll. kufanele kunqunywe, ukuze ukwazi kahle izimo zokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2022